World Mafia
This secret crime
society was virtually unknown until the 1960s, when member Joe Valachi first
revealed the society’s secrets to law enforcement officials. What was known was
that organized crime existed, but not that the extent of their control included
working with the CIA, politicians and the biggest businesses in the
world.
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Mafia
Mafia, juga dirujuk
sebagai La Cosa Nostra (bahasa Italia: Hal Kami), adalah
panggilan kolektif untuk beberapa organisasi
rahasia diSisilia dan Amerika Serikat. Mafia awalnya merupakan
nama sebuah konfederasi yang orang-orang di Sisilia masuki
pada Abad Pertengahan untuk tujuan perlindungan dan penegakan
hukum sendiri (main hakim). Konfederasi ini kemudian mulai
melakukankejahatan terorganisir.
Anggota Mafia
disebut "mafioso", yang berarti "pria terhormat".
Mafia melebarkan
sayap ke Amerika Serikat melalui imigrasi pada abad
ke-20.
Kekuatan Mafia
mencapai puncaknya di AS pada pertengahan abad ke-20, hingga rentetan
penyelidikan FBI pada tahun 1970-an dan1980-an agak
mengurangi pengaruh mereka. Meski kejatuhannya tersebut, Mafia dan reputasinya
telah tertanam di budaya populer Amerika,
difilmkan di televisi dan bahkan iklan-iklan.
Istilah
"mafia" kini telah melebar hingga dapat merujuk kepada kelompok besar
apapun yang melakukan kejahatan terorganisir (bandingkan dengan Mafia
Rusia, Yakuza di Jepang), dan Triad di China.
[1] Sicilian Mafia
Sketch of the 1901
maxi trial of suspected mafiosi in Palermo. From the newspaper L'Ora, May
1901
The Mafia (also
known as Cosa Nostra) is a criminal syndicate that emerged in
the mid-nineteenth century in Sicily, Italy. It is a loose association of
criminal groups that share a common organizational structure and code of
conduct, and whose common enterprise is protection racketeering. Each
group, known as a "family", "clan", or "cosca",
claims sovereignty over a territory in which it operates
its rackets – usually a town or village or a neighbourhood (borgata)
of a larger city. Its members call themselves "men of honour",
although the public often refers to them as "mafiosi".
According to the
classic definition, the Mafia is a criminal organization originating in Sicily.
However, the term "mafia" has become a generic term for any organized
criminal network with similar structure, methods, and interests.
The Mafia proper
frequently parallels, collaborates with or clashes with, networks originating
in other parts of southern Italy, such as
the Camorra (fromCampania),
the 'Ndrangheta (from Calabria), the Stidda (southern
Sicily) and the Sacra Corona Unita (from Apulia).
However, Giovanni Falcone, the anti-Mafia judge murdered by the Mafia in
1992, objected to the conflation of the term "Mafia" with organized
crime in general:
While there was a
time when people were reluctant to pronounce the word 'Mafia' ... nowadays
people have gone so far in the opposite direction that it has become an
overused term ... I am no longer willing to accept the habit of speaking
of the Mafia in descriptive and all-inclusive terms that make it possible to
stack up phenomena that are indeed related to the field of organized crime but
that have little or nothing in common with the Mafia.
—Giovanni Falcone,
1990
The American
Mafia arose from offshoots of the Mafia that emerged in the United
States during the late nineteenth century, following waves of emigration
from Sicily. There were similar offshoots
in Canada among Italian Canadians. However, while the same has
been claimed of organised crime in Australia, this appears to result from
confusion with 'Ndrangheta, which is generally regarded as more prominent
among Italian Australians.
[1] Russian mafia
Russian
MafiaFounding locationRussia, former Soviet Union TerritoryActive in many
parts of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (mostly Moscow),
America (mostly Brighton Beach), Canada, Spain, Portugal, France, and
more. EthnicityPrimarily peoples of Eastern European and Eurasiandescent.
Membership300,000 Criminal activitiesMoney
laundering, racketeering,extortion, arms trafficking, cybercrime, human
trafficking, prostitution, drug trafficking, arson, fraud, larceny, murder
The Russian
mafia (Russian: русская мафия, russkaya mafiya) is a term used
to refer to the collective of various organized crime
syndicates originating in the former Soviet Union. Although not a
singular criminal organization, most of the individual groups, known as Bratva ("brotherhood")
or Vorovskoy mir ("thief in law, world"), share similar
goals and organizational structures that define them as part of the loose
overall association.
Organized crime in
Russia began in its imperial period of Tsars, but it wasn't until the
Soviet era that vory v zakone ("thieves-in-law") emerged as
leaders of prison groups ingulags (Soviet prison labor camps), and the
Thieves' Code became more defined. AfterWorld War II, the death of Joseph
Stalin, and the fall of the Soviet Union, more gangs emerged in a
flourishing black market, exploiting the unstable governments of the
former Republics, and at its highest point, even controlling as much as
two-thirds of the Russian economy. Louis Freeh, former director of
the FBI, had once said the Russian Mafia posed the greatest threat
to US national security in the mid-1990s.
In modern times,
there are as many as 6,000 different groups, with more than 200 of them having
a global reach. Criminals of these various groups are either former prison
members, corrupt Communist officials and business leaders, people with ethnic
ties, or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and
leaders. However, the existence of such groups has been debatable. In December
2009, Timur Lakhonin, the head of the Russian National Central Bureau
of Interpol, stated, "Certainly, there is crime involving our former
compatriots abroad, but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure
of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad", while in
August 2010, Alain Bauer, a French criminologist, said that it "is one of
the best structured criminal organisations in Europe, with a quasi-military
operation."
also known as gokudō (極道?), are members of traditional Transnational organized
crime syndicates in Japan. The Japanese police, and media by request
of the police, call them bōryokudan (暴力団?, "violence group"), while the yakuza call
themselves "ninkyō dantai" (任侠団体 or 仁侠団体?, "chivalrous organizations"). The yakuza
are notorious for their strict codes of conduct and very organized nature. They
are very prevalent in the Japanese media and operate internationally with an
estimated 80,900 members in 2009, the last year for which an estimate is
available.
[1]. Triad (underground
society)
Triad refers to
the many branches of Chinese Transnational organized
crime organizations based in Hong
Kong, Macau, Taiwan and also in countries with significant
Chinese populations, such as
the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, the United States, Canada,Australia, New
Zealand and the United Kingdom.
[1] American Mafia
This article is about
a criminal organization in the United States. For other uses, see Mafia
(disambiguation).
Italian-American
MafiaFounding locationOrigins in Campania, Calabria, and Sicily, founded
in New York City. Years activeLate 19th century–present TerritoryUnited States;
active in many parts of the country during its peak, currently active mostly
in the northeast, Chicago, Detroit andFlorida.
EthnicityFull members (made men)
are Italian-American or Italian, other criminals of any
ethnicity are employed as "associates". Criminal
activitiesRacketeering, counterfeiting, drug
trafficking, extortion, fencing, illegal
gambling, murder, prostitution,blackmailing, loan sharking
The American
Mafia (or simply the Mafia or Mob in the United
States), is an Italian-American criminal society. Similar to
the Sicilian Mafia, the American Mafia has no formal name and is a secret
criminal society. Its members usually refer to it as Cosa Nostra(Italian
pronunciation: [kɔza nɔstra], Italian for "our thing").
The press has also coined the name "National Crime
Syndicate" to refer to the entirety of U.S. organized crime,
including the Mafia. The Mafia emerged in New York's Lower East Side,
other areas of the East Coast of the United States, and several other
major metropolitan areas (such as New Orleans ) during the late 19th
century following waves of Italian immigration, especially
from Sicily. It has its roots in the Sicilian Mafia, but is a separate
organization in the United States. Neapolitan, Calabrian, and other
Italian criminal groups, as well as independent Italian-American criminals,
eventually merged with the Sicilians to create the modern pan-Italian Mafia in
North America. Today, the American Mafia cooperates in various criminal
activities with the Sicilian Mafia and other Italian organized
crime groups, such as Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, and Sacra
Corona Unita.
The Mafia is
currently most active in New York City, New
Jersey, Philadelphia, New England, Detroit, and Chicago,
with smaller families, associates, and crews in places such
as Florida, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Texas. There have
been at least 26 cities around the United States with Cosa Nostra families,
with many more offshoots, splinter groups and associates in other cities. There
are five main New York City Mafia families, known as the Five
Families:
the Gambino,Lucchese, Genovese, Bonanno and Colombo families.
At its peak, the Mafia dominated organized crime in the U.S. While each crime
family operates independently, nationwide coordination is provided by the
Commission, which consists of the bosses of each of the strongest families.
Law enforcement
still considers the Mafia the largest organized crime group in the United
States. It has maintained control over much of the organized crime activity in
the United States and certain parts of Canada (See Rizzuto crime
family). Today most of the Mafia's activities are contained to
the Northeastern United States and Chicago where they continue to
dominate organized crime despite the increasing numbers of
street gangs and other organizations that are not of Italian origin.
Jamaican-British
Yardies
Yardies
Jamaika-Inggris adalah geng Jamaika yang berimigrasi ke Britania pada tahun
1950-an. Mereka terlibat dalam kekerasan geng dan kemudian dikenal sebagai
Yardies. Geng ini melakukan kejahatan terorganisir seperti perdagangan narkoba
dan kejahatan senjata lainnya. Mereka tidak mencoba menyusup sistem penegakan
hukum sehingga mereka tidak dianggap sebagai yang kuat sebagai kelompok mafia
lain.
The Albanian Mafia
Mafia Albania
terdiri dari sejumlah besar organisasi kejahatan yang berbasis di Albania.
Mereka aktif di Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara Eropa juga. Konon, mafia
Albania menyebar ke tingkat internasional sejak tahun 1980-an. Di Amerika
Serikat dan Inggris, mereka menjalankan seks dan perdagangan narkoba. Kelompok
mafia ini dikenal cepat menggunakan cepat kekerasan untuk membalas
dendam.
The Serbian mafia
Mafia Serbia
beroperasi di lebih dari sepuluh negara termasuk Jerman, Amerika Serikat,
Inggris, Perancis, dll. Mereka terlibat dalam kegiatan yang berbeda seperti
perdagangan narkoba, penyelundupan, kontrak membunuh, judi dan pencurian gen.
Ada tiga kelompok besar, yaitu Vozdovac, Surcin dan Zemun yang mengendalikan
kelompok-kelompok kecil. Saat ini ada sekitar 30-40 kelompok kerja di
Serbia.
Israeli Mafia
Mafia Israel bekerja
di banyak negara dalam kegiatan seperti perdagangan narkoba dan prostitusi.
Mereka terkenal kejam dan tidak berpikir dua kali untuk membunuh. Mafia
Rusia-Israel telah meresap ke dalam sistem politik AS sehingga pasukan AS
gagal mencapai kemajuan yang signifikan untuk menghentikan mereka.
Mexican Mafia
Meksiko Mafia adalah
geng penjara yang sangat kuat di Amerika Serikat, dimulai pada akhir 1950-an
untuk melindungi tahanan terhadap narapidana lain dan dari para petugas. Geng
ini juga telah terlibat dalam pemerasan dan perdagangan narkoba. Tercatat, geng
ini memiliki sekitar 30.000 anggota di seluruh Amerika Serikat. Para anggota
geng kadang-kadang membuat tato dengan desain umum yang merupakan simbol
nasional Meksiko.
Colombian Drug
Cartels
Kartel Narkoba
Kolombia dibentuk terutama untuk mengendalikan perdagangan obat-obatan. Mereka
beroperasi di banyak negara, dengan jumlah organisasi yang berhubungan dengan
politik, aspek militer dan hukum kartel. Kartel penting dari Columbia adalah
Kartel Cali, Medellin Cartel dan Kartel Valle del Norte. Mereka juga telah
terlibat dalam banyak penculikan dan terorisme.
Indonesian Berkeley
Mafia [1]
The Berkeley
Mafia was the term given to a group
of U.S.-educated Indonesian economists whose efforts brought
Indonesia back from dire economic conditions and the brink
of famine in the mid-1960s. They were appointed in the early stages
of the 'New Order' administration. Almost three decades of economic
growth followed. Their efforts also began long-term U.S.-Indonesian
strategic cooperation, which was important during the Cold War.
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