In 1979, depleted uranium (DU) particles escaped from the
National Lead Industries factory near Albany, N.Y.,which was manufacturing DU
weapons for the U.S military. The particles traveled 26 miles and were
discovered in a laboratory filter by Dr. Leonard Dietz, a nuclear physicist.
This discovery led to a shut down of the factory in 1980, for releasing
morethan 0.85 pounds of DU dust into the atmosphere every month, and involved a
cleanup of contaminated properties costing over 100 million dollars.
Imagine a far worse scenario. Terrorists acquire a million
pounds of the deadly dust and scatter it in populated areas throughout the U.S.
Hundreds of children report symptoms. Many acquire cancer and leukemia,
suffering an early and painful death. Huge increases in severe birth defects
are reported. Oncologists are overwhelmed. Soccer fields, sand lots and parks,
traditional play areas for kids, are no longer safe. People lose their most
basic freedom, the ability to go outside and safely breathe. Sounds worse than
9/11? Welcome to Iraq and Afghanistan.
Dr. Jawad Al-Ali (55), director of the Oncology Center at
the largest hospital in Basra, Iraq stated, at a recent ( 2003) conference in
Japan:
“Two strange phenomena have come about in Basra which I have
never seen before. The first is double and triple cancers in one patient. For
example, leukemia and cancer of the stomach. We had one patient with 2 cancers
– one in his stomach and kidney. Months later, primary cancer was developing in
his other kidney–he had three different cancer types. The second is the
clustering of cancer in families. We have 58 families here with more than one
person affected by cancer. Dr Yasin, a general Surgeon here has two uncles, a
sister and cousin affected with cancer. Dr Mazen, another specialist, has six
family members suffering from cancer. My wife has nine members of her family
with cancer”.
“Children in particular are susceptible to DU poisoning.
They have a much higher absorption rate as their blood is being used to build
and nourish their bones and they have a lot of soft tissues. Bone cancer and
leukemia used to be diseases affecting them the most, however, cancer of the
lymph system which can develop anywhere on the body, and has rarely been seen
before the age of 12 is now also common.”,
“We were accused of spreading propaganda for Saddam before
the war. When I have gone to do talks I have had people accuse me of being
pro-Saddam. Sometimes I feel afraid to even talk. Regime people have been
stealing my data and calling it their own, and using it for their own agendas.
The Kuwaitis banned me from entering Kuwait – we were accused of being Saddam
supporters.”
John Hanchette, a journalism professor at St. Bonaventure
University, and one of the founding editors of USA TODAY related the
following to DU researcher Leuren Moret. He stated that he had
prepared news breaking stories about the effects of DU on Gulf War soldiers and
Iraqi citizens, but that each time he was ready to publish, he received a phone
call from the Pentagon asking him not to print the story. He has since
been replaced as editor of USA TODAY.
Dr. Keith Baverstock, The World Health Organization’s chief
expert on radiation and health for 11 years and author of an unpublished study
has charged that his report ” on the cancer risk to civilians in Iraq from
breathing uranium contaminated dust ” was also deliberately suppressed.
The information released by the U.S. Dept. of Defense is not
reliable, according to some sources even within the military.
In 1997, while citing experiments, by others, in which 84
percent of dogs exposed to inhaled uranium died of cancer of the lungs, Dr.
Asaf Durakovic, then Professor of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at Georgetown
University in Washington was quoted as saying,
“The [US government's] Veterans Administration asked me to
lie about the risks of incorporating depleted uranium in the human body.”
At that time Dr. Durakovic was a colonel in the U.S.
Army. He has since left the military, to found the Uranium Medical
Research Center, a privately funded organization with headquarters in Canada.
PFC Stuart Grainger of 23 Army Division, 34th Platoon.
(Names and numbers have been changed) was diagnosed with cancer several after
returning from Iraq. Seven other men in the Platoon also have
malignancies.
Doug Rokke, U.S. Army contractor who headed a clean-up of
depleted uranium after the first Gulf War states:,
“Depleted uranium is a crime against God and humanity.”
Rokke’s own crew, a hundred employees, was devastated by
exposure to the fine dust. He stated:
“When we went to the Gulf, we were all really healthy,”
After performing clean-up operations in the desert
(mistakenly without protective gear), 30 members of his staff died, and most
others”including Rokke himself”developed serious health problems. Rokke now has
reactive airway disease, neurological damage, cataracts, and kidney problems.
”We warned the Department of Defense in 1991 after the
Gulf War. Their arrogance is beyond comprehension.
Yet the D.O.D still insists such ingestion is “not
sufficient to make troops seriously ill in most cases.”
Then why did it make the clean up crew seriously or
terminally ill in nearly all cases?
Marion Falk, a retired chemical physicist who built nuclear
bombs for more than 20 years at Lawrence Livermore Lab, was asked if he thought
that DU weapons operate in a similar manner as a dirty bomb.
“That’s exactly what they are. They fit the description of a
dirty bomb in every way.”
According to Falk, more than 30 percent of the DU fired from
the cannons of U.S. tanks is reduced to particles one-tenth of a micron (one
millionth of a meter) in size or smaller on impact. “The larger the bang”
the greater the amount of DU that is dispersed into the atmosphere, Falk said.
With the larger missiles and bombs, nearly 100 percent of the DU is reduced to
radioactive dust particles of the “micron size” or smaller, he said.
When asked if the main purpose for using it was for
destroying things and killing people, Falk was more specific:
“I would say that it is the perfect weapon for killing lots
of people.”
When a DU round or bomb strikes a hard target, most of its
kinetic energy is converted to heat ” sufficient heat to ignite the DU.
From 40% to 70% of the DU is converted to extremely fine dust particles of
ceramic uranium oxide (primarily dioxide, though other formulations also
occur). Over 60% of these particles are smaller than 5 microns in diameter,
about the same size as the cigarette ash particles in cigarette smoke and
therefore respirable.
Because conditions are so chaotic in Iraq, the medical infrastructure
has been greatly compromised. In terms of both cancer and birth defects
due to DU, only a small fraction of the cases are being reported.
Doctors in southern Iraq are making comparisons to the birth
defects that followed the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in WWII.
They have numerous photos of infants born without brains, with their internal
organs outside their bodies, without sexual organs, without spines, and the
list of deformities goes on an on. Such birth defects were extremely rare
in Iraq prior to the large scale use of DU. Weapons. Now they are
commonplace. In hospitals across Iraq, the mothers are no longer asking,
“Doctor, is it a boy or girl?” but rather, “Doctor, is it normal?” The
photos are horrendous, they can be viewed on
the
following website
Ross B. Mirkarimi, a spokesman at The Arms Control Research
Centre stated:
“Unborn children of the region are being asked to pay the
highest price, the integrity of their DNA.”
Prior to her death from leukemia in Sept. 2004, Nuha Al Radi
, an accomplished Iraqi artist and author of the “Baghdad Diaries” wrote:
“Everyone seems to be dying of cancer. Every day one hears
about another acquaintance or friend of a friend dying. How many more die in
hospitals that one does not know? Apparently, over thirty percent of Iraqis
have cancer, and there are lots of kids with leukemia.”
“The depleted uranium left by the U.S. bombing campaign has
turned Iraq into a cancer-infested country. For hundreds of years to come, the
effects of the uranium will continue to wreak havoc on Iraq and its surrounding
areas.”
This excerpt in her diary was written in 1993, after Gulf
War I (Approximately 300 tons of DU ordinance, mostly in desert areas)
but before Operation Iraqi Freedom, (Est. 1,700 tons with much more near major
population centers). So, it’s 5-6 times worse now than it was when she
wrote than diary entry!! Estimates of the percentage of D.U. which
was ‘aerosolized’ into fine uranium oxide dust are approximately 30-40%. That
works out to over one million pounds of dust scattered throughout Iraq.
As a special advisor to the World Health Organization, the
United Nations, and the Iraqi Ministry of Health, Dr. Ahmad Hardan has
documented the effects of DU in Iraq between 1991 and 2002.
“American forces admit to using over 300 tons of DU weapons
in 1991. The actual figure is closer to 800. This has caused a
health crisis that has affected almost a third of a million people. As if
that was not enough, America went on and used 200 tons more in Bagdad alone
during the recent invasion.
I don”t know about other parts of Iraq, it will take me
years to document that.
”In Basra, it took us two years to obtain conclusive
proof of what DU does, but we now know what to look for and the results are
terrifying.”
By far the most devastating effect is on unborn
children. Nothing can prepare anyone for the sight of hundreds of
preserved fetuses ” scarcely human in appearance. Iraq is now seeing babies
with terribly foreshortened limbs, with their intestines outside their bodies,
with huge bulging tumors where their eyes should be, or with a single eye-like
Cyclops, or without eyes, or without limbs, and even without heads.
Significantly, some of the defects are almost unknown outside textbooks showing
the babies born near A-bomb test sites in the Pacific.
Dr. Hardan also states:
“I arranged for a delegation from Japan’s Hiroshima Hospital
to come and share their expertise in the radiological diseases we
Are likely to face over time. The delegation told me the
Americans had objected and they decided not to come. Similarly, a world famous
German cancer specialist agreed to come, only to be told later that he would
not be given permission to enter Iraq.”
Not only are we poisoning the people of Iraq and
Afghanistan, but we are making a concerted effort to keep out specialists from
other countries who can help. The U.S. Military doesn”t want the rest of
the world to find out what we have done.
Such relatively swift development of cancers has been
reported by doctors in hospitals treating civilians following NATO bombing with
DU in Yugoslavia in 1998-1999 and the US military invasion of Iraq using DU for
the first time in 1991. Medical experts report that this phenomenon of multiple
malignancies from unrelated causes has been unknown until now and is a new
syndrome associated with internal DU exposure.
Just 467 US personnel were wounded in the three-week Persian Gulf War in
1990-1991. Out of 580,400 soldiers who served in Gulf War I, 11,000 are dead,
and by 2000 there were 325,000 on permanent medical disability. This astounding
number of disabled vets means that a decade later, 56 percent of those soldiers
who served in the first Gulf War now have medical problems.
Although not reported in the mainstream American press, a
recent Tokyo tribunal, guided by the principles of
International
Criminal Law and
International
Humanitarian Law, found President George W. Bush guilty of war crimes. On
March 14, 2004, Nao Shimoyachi, reported in
The
Japan Times that President Bush was found guilty “for attacking
civilians with indiscriminate weapons and other arms,”and the “tribunal
also issued recommendations for banning Depleted Uranium shells and other weapons
that indiscriminately harm people.” Although this was a “Citizen’s
Court” having no legal authority, the participants were sincere in their
determination that international laws have been violated and a war crimes
conviction is warranted.
Troops involved in actual combat are not the only servicemen
reporting symptoms. Four soldiers from a New York Army National Guard company
serving in Iraq are among several members of the same company, the 442nd
Military Police, who say they have been battling persistent physical ailments
that began last summer in the Iraqi town of Samawah.
“I got sick instantly in June,” said Staff Sgt. Ray Ramos, a
Brooklyn housing cop. “My health kept going downhill with daily headaches,
constant numbness in my hands and rashes on my stomach.”
Dr. Asaf Durakovic, UMRC founder, and nuclear medicine
expert examined and tested nine soldiers from the company says that four
“almost certainly” inhaled radioactive dust from exploded American shells
manufactured with depleted uranium. Laboratory tests revealed traces of two
manmade forms of uranium in urine samples from four of the soldiers.
If so, the men – Sgt. Hector Vega, Sgt. Ray Ramos, Sgt.
Agustin Matos and Cpl. Anthony Yonnone – are the first confirmed cases of
inhaled depleted uranium exposure from the current Iraq conflict.
The 442nd, made up for the most part of New York cops,
firefighters and correction officers, is based in Orangeburg, Rockland County.
Dispatched to Iraq in Easter of 2003, the unit’s members had been providing
guard duty for convoys, running jails and training Iraqi police. The entire
company is due to return home later this month.
“These are amazing results, especially since these soldiers
were military police not exposed to the heat of battle,” said Dr. Asaf
Duracovic, who examined the G.I.s and performed the testing.
In a group of eight U.S. led Coalition servicemen whose
babies were born without eyes, seven are known to have been directly exposed to
DU dust. In a much group (250 soldiers) exposed during the first Gulf war, 67%
of the children conceived after the war had birth defects.
Dr. Durakovic’s UMRC research team also conducted a
three-week field trip to Iraq in October of 2003. It collected about 100
samples of substances such as soil, civilian urine and the tissue from the
corpses of Iraqi soldiers in 10 cities, including Baghdad, Basra and Najaf.
Durakovic said preliminary tests show that the air, soil and water samples
contained “hundreds to thousands of times” the normal levels of radiation.
“This high level of contamination is because much more
depleted uranium was used this year than in (the Gulf War of) 1991,” Durakovic
told The Japan Times.
“They are hampering efforts to prove the connection between
Depleted Uranium and the illness,” Durakovic said
“They do not want to admit that they committed war crimes”
by using weapons that kill indiscriminately, which are banned under
international law.”
(NOTE ABOUT DR. DURAKOVIC; First, he was warned to
stop his work, then he was fired from his position, then his house was
ransacked, and he has also reported receiving death threats. Evidently
the U.S. D.O.D is very keen on censoring DU whistle-blowers!)
Dr. Durakovic, UMRC research associates Patricia Horan
and Leonard Dietz, published a unique study in the August 2002 issue of Military
Medicine Medical Journal. The study is believed to be the first to look at
inhaled DU among Gulf War veterans, using the ultrasensitive technique of
thermal ionization mass spectrometry, which enabled them to easily distinguish
between natural uranium and DU. The study, which examined British,
Canadian and U.S. veterans, all suffering typical Gulf War Syndrome ailments, found
that, nine years after the war, 14 of 27 veterans studied had DU in their
urine. DU also was found in the lung and bone of a deceased Gulf War veteran.
That no governmental study has been done on inhaled DU “amounts to a massive
malpractice,” Dietz said in an interview.
The Japanese began studying DU effects in the southern Iraq
in the summer of 2003. They had a Geiger counter which they watched go off the
scale on many occasions. During their visit,a local hospital was treating
upwards of 600 children per day, many of which suffered symptoms of internal
poisoning by radiation. 600 children per day? How many of
these children will get cancer and suffer and early and painful death?
“Ingested DU particles can cause up to 1,000 times the
damage of an X-ray”, said Mary Olson, a nuclear waste specialist and biologist
at the Nuclear Information and Resource Service in Washington D.C.
It is this difference in particle size as well as the dust’s
crystalline structure that make the presence of DU dust in the environment such
an extreme hazard, and which differentiates its properties from that of the
natural uranium dust that is ubiquitous and to which we all are exposed every
day, which seldom reaches such a small size. This point is being
stressed, as comparing DU particles to much larger natural ones is
misleading.
The U.S. Military and its supporters regularly quote a Rand
Corp. Study which uses the natural uranium inhaled by miners.
Particles smaller than 10 microns can access the innermost
recesses of lung tissue where they become permanently lodged. Furthermore, if
the substance is relatively insoluble, such as the ceramic DU-oxide dust
produced from burning DU, it will remain in place for decades, dissolving very
slowly into the bloodstream and lymphatic fluids through the course of time.
Studies have identified DU in the urine of Gulf War veterans nine years after
that conflict, testifying to the permanence of ceramic DU-oxide in the
lungs. Thus the effects are far different from natural uranium dust, whose
coarse particles are almost entirely excreted by the body within 24 hours.
The military is aware of DU’s harmful effects on the human
genetic code. A 2001 study of DU’s effect on DNA done by Dr. Alexandra C.
Miller for the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in Bethesda, Md.,
indicates that DU’s chemical instability causes 1 million times more genetic
damage than would be expected from its radiation effect alone.
Studies have shown that inhaled nano-particles are far more
toxic than micro-sized particles of the same basic chemical composition.
British toxicopathologist Vyvyan Howard has reported that the increased
toxicity of the nano-particle is due to its size.
For example, when mice were exposed to virus-size particles
of Teflon (0.13 microns) in a University of Rochester study, there were no ill
effects. But when mice were exposed to nano-particles of Teflon for 15 minutes,
nearly all the mice died within 4 hours.
“Exposure pathways for depleted uranium can be through the
skin, by inhalation, and ingestion,” writes Lauren Moret, another DU
researcher. “Nano-particles have high mobility and can easily enter the body.
Inhalation of nano-particles of depleted uranium is the most hazardous
exposure, because the particles pass through the lung-blood barrier directly
into the blood.
“When inhaled through the nose, nano-particles can cross the
olfactory bulb directly into the brain through the blood brain barrier, where
they migrate all through the brain,” she wrote. “Many Gulf era soldiers exposed
to depleted uranium have been diagnosed with brain tumors, brain damage and
impaired thought processes. Uranium can interfere with the mitochondria, which
provide energy for the nerve processes, and transmittal of the nerve signal
across synapses in the brain.
Based on dissolution and excretion rate data, it is possible
to approximate the amount of DU initially inhaled by these veterans. For the
handful of veterans studied, this amount averaged 0.34 milligrams. Knowing the
specific activity (radiation rate) for DU allows one to determine that the
total radiation (alpha, beta and gamma) occurring from DU and its radioactive
decay products within their bodies comes to about 26 radiation events every
second, or 800 million events each year. At .34 milligrams per dose,
there are over 10 trillion doses floating around Iraq and Afghanistan.
How many additional deaths are we talking about? In the
aftermath of the first Gulf War, the UK Atomic Energy Authority came up with
estimates for the potential effects of the DU contamination left by the
conflict. It calculated that “this could cause “500,000 potential deaths”. This
was “a theoretical figure”, it stressed, that indicated “a significant
problem”.
The AEA’s calculation was made in a confidential memo to the
privatized munitions company, Royal Ordnance, dated 30 April 1991. The high
number of potential deaths was dismissed as “very far from realistic” by a
British defense minister, Lord Gilbert. “Since the rounds were fired in the
desert, many miles from the nearest village, it is highly unlikely that the
local population would have been exposed to any significant amount of
respirable oxide,” he said. These remarks were made prior to the more
recent invasions of both Afghanistan and Iraq, where DU munitions were used on
a larger scale in and near many of the most populated areas. If the
amount of DU ordinance used in the first Gulf War was sufficient to cause
500,000 potential deaths, (had it been used near the populated areas), then
what of the nearly six times that amount used in operation Iraqi Freedom, which
was used in and near the major towns and cities? Extrapolating the U.K.
AEA estimate with this amount gives a figure of potentially 3 million extra
deaths from inhaling DU dust in Iraq alone, not including Afghanistan. This is
about 11% of Iraq’s total population of 27 million. Dan Bishop, Ph.d chemist
for IDUST feels that this estimate may be low, if the long life of DU dust is
considered. In Afghanistan, the concentration in some areas is greater
than Iraq.
What can an otherwise healthy person expect when inhaling
the deadly dust? Captain Terry Riordon was a member of the Canadian Armed
Forces serving in Gulf War I. He passed away in April 1999 at age 45. Terry
left Canada a very fit man who did cross-country skiing and ran in marathons.
On his return only two months later he could barely walk.
He returned to Canada in February 1991 with documented loss
of motor control, chronic fatigue, respiratory difficulties, chest pain,
difficulty breathing, sleep problems, short-term memory loss, testicle pain,
body pains, aching bones, diarrhea, and depression. After his death, depleted
uranium contamination was discovered in his lungs and bones. For eight years he
suffered his innumerable ailments and struggled with the military bureaucracy
and the system to get proper diagnosis and treatment. He had arranged,
upon his death, to bequeath his body to the UMRC. Through his gift, the
UMRC was able to obtain conclusive evidence that inhaling fine particles of
depleted uranium dust completely destroyed his heath. How many Terry
Riordans are out there among the troops being exposed, not to mention Iraqi and
Afghan civilians?
Inhaling the dust will not kill large numbers of Iraqi and
Afghan civilians right away, any more than it did Captain Riordan. Rather, what
we will see is vast numbers of people who are chronically and severely ill,
having their life spans drastically shortened, many with multiple cancers.
Melissa Sterry, another sick veteran, served for six months
at a supply base in Kuwait during the winter of 1991-92. Part of her job with
the National Guard’s Combat Equipment Company “A” was to clean out tanks and
other armored vehicles that had been used during the war, preparing them for
storage.
She said she swept out the armored vehicles, cleaning up
dust, sand and debris, sometimes being ordered to help bury contaminated parts.
In a telephone interview, she stated that after researching depleted uranium
she chose not to take the military’s test because she could not trust the
results. It is alarming that Melissa was stationed in Kuwait, not
Iraq. Cleaning out tanks with DU dust was enough to make her ill.
In, 2003, the Christian Science Monitor sent reporters to
Iraq to investigate long-term effects of depleted uranium. Staff writer Scott
Peterson saw children playing on top of a burnt-out tank near a vegetable stand
on the outskirts of Baghdad, a tank that had been destroyed by armor-piercing
shells coated with depleted uranium. Wearing his mask and protective clothing,
he pointed his Geiger counter toward the tank. It registered 1,000 times the
normal background radiation. If the troops were on a mission of mercy to bring
democracy to Iraq, wouldn”t keeping children away from such dangers be the top
priority?
The laws of war prohibit the use of weapons that have deadly
and inhumane effects beyond the field of battle. Nor can weapons be legally
deployed in war when they are known to remain active, or cause harm after the
war concludes. It is no surprise that the Japanese Court found President
Bush guilty of war crimes.
Dr. Alim Yacoub of Basra University conducted an
epidemiological study into incidences of malignancies in children under fifteen
years old, in the Basra area (an area bombed with DU during the first Gulf
War). They found over the 1990 to 1999 period, there was a 242% rise.
That was before the recent invasion.
In Kosovo, similar spikes in cancer and birth defects were
noticed by numerous international experts, although the quantity of DU weapons
used was only a small fraction of what was used in Iraq.
FIELD STUDY RESULTS FROM AFGHANISTAN
Verifiable statistics for Iraq will remain elusive for some
time, but widespread field studies in Afghanistan point to the existence of a
large scale public health disaster. In May of 2002, the UMRC (Uranium Medical
Research Center) sent a field team to interview and examine residents and
internally displaced people in Afghanistan. The UMRC field team began by
first identifying several hundred people suffering from illnesses and medical
conditions displaying clinical symptoms which are considered to be
characteristic of radiation exposure. To investigate the possibility that
the symptoms were due to radiation sickness, the UMRC team collected urine
specimens and soil samples, transporting them to an independent research lab in
England.
UMRC’s Field Team found Afghan civilians with acute symptoms
of radiation poisoning, along with chronic symptoms of internal uranium
contamination, including congenital problems in newborns. Local civilians
reported large, dense dust clouds and smoke plumes rising from the point of
impact, an acrid smell, followed by burning of the nasal passages, throat and
upper respiratory tract. Subjects in all locations presented identical symptom
profiles and chronologies. The victims reported symptoms including pain in the
cervical column, upper shoulders and basal area of the skull, lower back/kidney
pain, joint and muscle weakness, sleeping difficulties, headaches, memory
problems and disorientation.
Two additional scientific study teams were sent to
Afghanistan. The first arrived in June 2002, concentrating on the Jalalabad
region. The second arrived four months later, broadening the study to include
the capital Kabul, which has a population of nearly 3.5 million people. The
city itself contains the highest recorded number of fixed targets during
Operation Enduring Freedom. For the study’s purposes, the vicinity of three
major bomb sites were examined. It was predicted that signatures of depleted or
enriched uranium would be found in the urine and soil samples taken during the
research. The team was unprepared for the shock of its findings, which
indicated in both Jalalabad and Kabul, DU was causing the high levels of
illness. Tests taken from a number of Jalalabad subjects showed concentrations
400% to 2000% above that for normal populations, amounts which have not been
recorded in civilian studies before.
Those in Kabul who were directly exposed to US-British
precision bombing showed extreme signs of contamination, consistent with
uranium exposure. These included pains in joints, back/kidney pain, muscle
weakness, memory problems and confusion and disorientation. Those exposed to
the bombing report symptoms of flu-type illnesses, bleeding, runny noses and
blood-stained mucous. How many of these people will suffer a painful and
early death from cancer? Even the study team itself complained of similar
symptoms during their stay. Most of these symptoms last for days or months.
In August of 2002, UMRC completed its preliminary analysis
of the results from Nangarhar. Without exception, every person donating
urine specimens tested positive for uranium contamination. The specific results
indicated an astoundingly high level of contamination; concentrations were 100
to 400 times greater than those of the Gulf War Veterans tested in
1999. A researcher reported. “We took both soil and biological
samples, and found considerable presence in urine samples of radioactivity; the
heavy concentration astonished us. They were beyond our wildest
imagination.”
In the fall of 2002, the UMRC field team went back to
Afghanistan for a broader survey, and revealed a potentially larger exposure
than initially anticipated. Approximately 30% of those interviewed in the
affected areas displayed symptoms of radiation sickness. New born babies
were among those displaying symptoms, with village elders reporting that over 25%
of the infants were inexplicably ill.
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